The key to keeping your blood glucose levels or (sugar levels as it is commonly known), under control is to keep your sugar level within the recommended range of 4 to 7 millimoles per liter. Only regular monitoring can help you achieve this.
Measuring your own blood glucose levels is quite easy if you have a good quality branded digital diabetic glucose meter . If you don’t have one the neighborhood chemist or any online website specializing in diabetes monitoring tools can help you.
When it comes to glucose monitors, accuracy is the key, so do not buy cheap Chinese glucose monitors. Our own branded blood glucose testers (glucometer) are highly accurate and usually cost between $50 and $75. In addition to the glucometer, you will also need a box of test strips ($40~$60) and a pack of Lancets ($15~$25). The test strips for diabetes and lancets are to be replenished as and when required. Replace the battery in the Glucometer as and when required. If the Glucometer does not have a battery level indicator you should replace the battery in the glucometer every six months or so. A weak battery can induce faulty results.
Tip: Buy a blood glucose meters that has a large digital readout, adequate memory and battery indicator.
When and how often you use the glucometer depends on your treatment, the food you consume and level of physical activity. Apart from regular testing at home, you should also do an HbA1c test every six months. This test is done at your local diabetes clinic and the result gives you an overall picture of your blood glucose levels. HbA1c test results should be as close to 7% (or below). Even a tiny fraction above 7% should be brought to the attention of your doctor.
You can keep your blood glucose under control
08.24.2011-The secret to continued good health and fruitful life despite diabetes lies in regular testing of your blood glucose, not missing any prescribed blood glucose tablets or insulin dosage and a healthy lifestyle.
Home Page > Health > Just what is Monogenic Diabetes
Just what is Monogenic Diabetes
Posted: Aug 20, 2011 |Comments: 0 |
The most widespread types of diabetes, which are types one and two, are polygenic, meaning the odds of getting these varieties of diabetes is connected to various genes. Several uncommon forms of diabetes originate from mutations in only one gene and consequently are referred to as Monogenic Diabetes.
Monogenic diabetes accounts for roughly 1% - 5% among all diabetes incidents seen in young people. Usually, this gene mutation is in fact handed down. Nearly all mutations regarding monogenic diabetes, diminishes the body’s ability in generating insulin. MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) as well as NDM (Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus), happen to be the major forms of monogenic diabetes.
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young is far more widespread compared with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus. NDM appears in newborns and infants but MODY first develops in youngsters plus teenagers, though signs or symptoms may be moderate and not found until adulthood.
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus
NDM appears around the 1st six months of existence. It is an uncommon disease occurring in a mere 100,000 - 500,000 live deliveries. Babies possessing NDM simply cannot manufacture satisfactory insulin, resulting in a boost in blood glucose. It may possibly get mistakenly identified as being the significantly more common type 1 diabetes.
In about 50 percent of all incidents of NDM, it’s going to a life-long issue which is recognized as PNDM (Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus). For everyone else with PNDM, the illness is going to be transient and goes away completely during infancy, however it may recur at a later date. This variety is called TNDM (Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus).
Warning signs could include constant urination, becoming thirsty along with dehydration, additionally it could possibly be diagnosed by finding higher volumes of glucose inside the blood or possibly the urine.
A large number of fetuses that have NDM commonly do n’t grow appropriately while in the uterus, and furthermore newborns are likely to be smaller when compared to other babies having exactly the same gestational time, a medical disorder referred to as intrauterine growth restriction.
After childbirth, some newborns fail to put on weight or even grow as rapidly as many others with the same age and sex. Effective treatment improves and may also normalize growth and development.
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young
MODY happens in teens and also young adults, nevertheless it could quite possibly keep on being undiagnosed until the adult years. Quite a few gene mutations contribute to Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young, which decreases the ability of an individual’s pancreas to manufacture insulin. This creates higher blood glucose amounts normally linked with all forms of diabetes and, with time, could possibly produce damage to body tissue, in particluar nerves, eyes, blood vessels and kidneys.
Individuals may have only mild or not any signs associated with having diabetes and also their elevated blood sugar may perhaps just be noticed in routine blood testing. In addition it may very well be mistakenly diagnosed for being type 1 or 2 diabetes. Folks suffering from MODY normally are not obese and simply do not have various other risk factors associated with type two diabetes.
Even though it may perhaps be genetic, men and women who end up with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young in most cases have some family history of diabetes mellitus in quite a few successive generations, which means it probably would be present within a grandparent, a mom or dad, and a child. In contrast to men and women experiencing type 1 diabetes mellitus who continuously have to have insulin, those that have MODY tend to be treated via oral diabetes prescribed medicines.
Researchers are studying inherited causes and metabolic functions related to diabetes. Studies pertaining to monogenic kinds of diabetes could quite possibly give rise to determining the contributing elements of, along with treatment plans for, type one diabetes and type two diabetes. Watch your traffic increase just by submitting articles with us, click here to get started. Liked this article? Click here to publish it on your website or blog, it’s free and easy! brian jones - About the Author:
What is diabetes? It is really a challenging health problem which could ultimately cause nerve deterioration all through the body and could be deadly. If you have a few of the symptoms of diabetes visit your doctor without delay for evaluation.
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I am a diabetic, I am not feeling well my left side feels like it is numb, and I have been sleeping a lot today. I just have a over all not feeling well feeling
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When Memphis resident Theresa Okwumabua was first diagnosed with diabetes a year and a half ago, she tried to ignore it. She didn’t want to change her lifestyle.
But her doctor kept urging her to get her blood-glucose levels under control, so she began to change her habits. Okwumabua, a clinical psychologist and coordinator of community outreach at the University of Memphis, exercised more consistently, gave up her beloved Coca-Colas and ate smaller portions. She took the medication her doctor prescribed, and along the way lost a few pounds. Now, most days her blood glucose levels are within the normal range.
Being diagnosed with diabetes used to feel like a lifelong prison sentence, complete with boring food and never eating anything sweet again. Doctors would hand newly diagnosed patients a “diabetic diet” plan with strong recommendations to follow it exactly and to learn to live without some of the foods they loved.
Fortunately, health providers today know so much more about diabetes and how to control it, including helping people learn to fit in some of their favorite foods without sacrificing blood glucose control.
It’s a good thing, too, because more and more people are developing the disease. The latest statistics, reported
One thought that has changed about diabetes is how to manage intake of sugar and other carbohydrates. Except for fiber, a type of carbohydrate the body cannot break down and absorb, virtually all other carbohydrates end up as glucose after being digested.
Glucose is absorbed into the blood and carried to every cell in the body. The cells depend on glucose as a source of fuel. Since foods with simple sugars (like candy and cake) and foods with complex carbohydrates (like grains and vegetables) all end up as blood glucose once they are digested, the issue becomes more about the total amount of carbohydrates a person consumes at one time rather than about whether the carbohydrates are sugars or starches. This means that people with diabetes can eat an occasional piece of birthday cake or a bit of ice cream every now and then and still keep blood glucose levels within their target range, as long as they balance the total amount of carbohydrates they eat.
Dietitians and diabetes educators teach their clients with diabetes to look at the total carbohydrate content of what they eat so they can aim for a consistent amount at each meal or snack. If someone’s target is 60 grams of carbohydrates at a meal, he could have a turkey sandwich on two slices of whole grain bread, a small salad, a small piece of fruit and a cup of milk, and keep within the targeted allowance.
If that person attends a birthday party and wants to eat a piece of cake, he can “bank” carbohydrates at the meal, knowing he wants to “spend” most of them on the birthday cake. He could have one slice of bread with turkey, the small salad, a glass of unsweetened tea, or tea with a noncaloric sweetener, then in place of the fruit and milk, add a small piece of cake (easy on the frosting) for dessert. The total would still be about 60 grams of carbohydrates, so the resulting rise in blood glucose would be about the same for either meal.
Of course, the meal with the cake doesn’t have as many nutrients as the first meal, but on an occasional basis, this won’t do any long-term nutritional harm. And it means less deprivation for a person with diabetes.
“I used to have something sweet every day, almost every meal,” Okwumabua said. But after learning that too many carbohydrates at one time can raise her blood glucose levels, she chose not to indulge her sweet tooth as often. And if she does eat something sweet, it’s a smaller portion, perhaps a few bites of cake instead of a whole piece.
Including fewer sweet items in her diet has also changed her desire for them. Before she used to “be in heaven” when eating a piece of pound cake or some Oreo cookies; now they just don’t tempt her as much. Even those Cokes don’t tempt her much anymore. “First I switched to Coke Zero, but now my taste buds are just fine with water,” Okwumabua says.
Registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator Kimberly Johnson Spreckelmeyer, clinical trainer for the company Insulet, maker of the OmniPod insulin pump, says, “It’s all about portion sizes.” She has her clients get out their measuring cups and learn what portions look like. This helps them recognize appropriate amounts of high-carbohydrate foods so their carbohydrate counting is more accurate. She finds that once her clients make a commitment to become more knowledgeable about portion sizes and control the carbohydrate content of their diet, they really like the better blood glucose control they have.
“Use available resources” Spreckelmeyer urges her clients, “like food labels and applications for smart phones.” She likes the phone apps GoMeals ( gomeals.com ) and CalorieKing ( calorieking.com ) to help clients keep track of what they are eating at the moment they are eating it.
This is especially important for people with diabetes who take insulin. The amount of insulin they take is tied to the amount of carbohydrates they ingest at meals. Accuracy in determining the grams of carbohydrates eaten means better precision in gauging the amount of insulin needed.
“I don’t advocate an extremely low-carbohydrate diet, but I do recommend most people with diabetes aim for about 45 to 50 percent of their calories from carbohydrates,” Spreckelmeyer said. This is toward the lower end of recommended guidelines, and most of the time translates to between 45 and 60 grams of carbohydrates per meal, depending on the individual. Spreckelmeyer also suggests her clients “focus on higher-fiber, less-processed foods.”
Most Americans fall far short of the American Dietetic Association’s recommendation of 20 to 35 grams of fiber per day. Fiber creates fullness in the stomach, making for higher levels of satisfaction with smaller amounts of food. Higher-fiber foods also help slow absorption of glucose into the blood, allowing insulin more time to usher the blood glucose molecules into the body’s cells.
At the Memphis Veterans Medical Center, registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator Jackie Roos teaches classes to patients with diabetes, focusing on carbohydrates and portion sizes. While some of her clients embrace carbohydrate counting, others find it too cumbersome and instead use what Roos calls the “plate method.” Roos uses partitioned plates that dovetail with the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association, which suggests that half the plate contain nonstarchy vegetables, and the other half be divided equally between a portion of protein and a portion of something higher in carbohydrates or “starchy.” “If someone is confused
Roos finds that a lot of her clients have no idea that the sweet beverages they drink really can make their blood glucose levels increase. She recommends they limit their intake of sodas, juices and sweet tea. When she comes across clients who are resistant to giving up their favorite beverages, she asks them to take the “soda challenge.” “I have them give up their sodas and sweet drinks for a week and then check their blood sugar levels,” Roos says. “They become believers when they see how their blood glucose levels drop during that week.”
In addition to counting carbohydrates, health professionals almost always advise anyone who has diabetes and is overweight to lose weight. A recent study done in Great Britain brought this to the forefront. In this study, reported in the latest issue of Diabetologia, 11 obese subjects with diabetes were restricted to 600 calories for eight weeks and lost an average of 30 pounds, or about 15 percent of their body weight. None had abnormal blood glucose readings after the eight-week period, and all were able to go off their diabetes medications.
This was a severe restriction of calories, done under the direction of a medical team, but you don’t have to go on such a drastic diet. Health professionals have long known that even small amounts of weight loss help normalize blood glucose levels and decrease side effects of diabetes. The Look AHEAD trial is another research study that showed lifestyle management, including weight loss, helped to keep blood glucose under better control and improve cardiovascular risk factors. Registered dietitian Maria Sun, assistant professor at Southwest Tennessee Community College, provided nutrition guidance for some of the clients involved in an arm of the study done in Memphis through the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. “When my clients in the study lost about 10 percent of their weight,” Sun said, “there was a big change in their blood sugar levels.” Sun and her colleagues encouraged study participants to engage in regular physical activity as well as moderate their diet.
Okwumabua has been following a similar approach and knows the results are worth it. “It’s a struggle sometimes,” she says, admitting, “I’m not perfect every day.” But the improvements she has seen in her diabetes make the efforts worthwhile.
Megan Murphy is a Tennessee-licensed registered dietitian and associate professor of nutrition at Southwest Tennessee Community College. Call (901) 277-3062, fax (901) 529-2787, e-mail Meganmyrd@aol.com .
Did you know?
Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness among adults 20-74 years old.
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in the United States: 44 percent of new cases of kidney failure (2008 statistics) are caused
60 percent to 70 percent of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage.
People with diabetes account for more than 60 percent of lower limb amputations not caused
Most common types of Diabetes
Type 1: Typically diagnosed at a young age, often in childhood. Classified as an autoimmune disease, where the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed. Insulin, necessary to help blood glucose get into the body’s cells, is no longer produced and must be taken
Type 2: The most common type of diabetes. Risk increases with excess body fat and lack of exercise. People with this type of diabetes are often secreting insulin, but it sometimes is not enough. People with this type of diabetes often have insulin resistance, meaning their body is not sensitive to the insulin they are producing. Weight loss and exercise help their bodies regain insulin sensitivity, which helps get blood glucose levels back to normal.
Gestational diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy. Usually goes away after the ba
Photo Theresa Okwumabua, (right) joins friends, from left, Andrea Watson, Deborah Frazier, and Kristin Walker in a walk along the Vollintine
When Memphis resident Theresa Okwumabua was first diagnosed with diabetes a year and a half ago, she tried to ignore it. She didn’t want to change her lifestyle.
But her doctor kept urging her to get her blood-glucose levels under control, so she began to change her habits. Okwumabua, a clinical psychologist and coordinator of community outreach at the University of Memphis, exercised more consistently, gave up her beloved Coca-Colas and ate smaller portions. She took the medication her doctor prescribed, and along the way lost a few pounds. Now, most days her blood glucose levels are within the normal range.
Being diagnosed with diabetes used to feel like a lifelong prison sentence, complete with boring food and never eating anything sweet again. Doctors would hand newly diagnosed patients a “diabetic diet” plan with strong recommendations to follow it exactly and to learn to live without some of the foods they loved.
Fortunately, health providers today know so much more about diabetes and how to control it, including helping people learn to fit in some of their favorite foods without sacrificing blood glucose control.
It’s a good thing, too, because more and more people are developing the disease. The latest statistics, reported
One thought that has changed about diabetes is how to manage intake of sugar and other carbohydrates. Except for fiber, a type of carbohydrate the body cannot break down and absorb, virtually all other carbohydrates end up as glucose after being digested.
Glucose is absorbed into the blood and carried to every cell in the body. The cells depend on glucose as a source of fuel. Since foods with simple sugars (like candy and cake) and foods with complex carbohydrates (like grains and vegetables) all end up as blood glucose once they are digested, the issue becomes more about the total amount of carbohydrates a person consumes at one time rather than about whether the carbohydrates are sugars or starches. This means that people with diabetes can eat an occasional piece of birthday cake or a bit of ice cream every now and then and still keep blood glucose levels within their target range, as long as they balance the total amount of carbohydrates they eat.
Dietitians and diabetes educators teach their clients with diabetes to look at the total carbohydrate content of what they eat so they can aim for a consistent amount at each meal or snack. If someone’s target is 60 grams of carbohydrates at a meal, he could have a turkey sandwich on two slices of whole grain bread, a small salad, a small piece of fruit and a cup of milk, and keep within the targeted allowance.
If that person attends a birthday party and wants to eat a piece of cake, he can “bank” carbohydrates at the meal, knowing he wants to “spend” most of them on the birthday cake. He could have one slice of bread with turkey, the small salad, a glass of unsweetened tea, or tea with a noncaloric sweetener, then in place of the fruit and milk, add a small piece of cake (easy on the frosting) for dessert. The total would still be about 60 grams of carbohydrates, so the resulting rise in blood glucose would be about the same for either meal.
Of course, the meal with the cake doesn’t have as many nutrients as the first meal, but on an occasional basis, this won’t do any long-term nutritional harm. And it means less deprivation for a person with diabetes.
“I used to have something sweet every day, almost every meal,” Okwumabua said. But after learning that too many carbohydrates at one time can raise her blood glucose levels, she chose not to indulge her sweet tooth as often. And if she does eat something sweet, it’s a smaller portion, perhaps a few bites of cake instead of a whole piece.
Including fewer sweet items in her diet has also changed her desire for them. Before she used to “be in heaven” when eating a piece of pound cake or some Oreo cookies; now they just don’t tempt her as much. Even those Cokes don’t tempt her much anymore. “First I switched to Coke Zero, but now my taste buds are just fine with water,” Okwumabua says.
Registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator Kimberly Johnson Spreckelmeyer, clinical trainer for the company Insulet, maker of the OmniPod insulin pump, says, “It’s all about portion sizes.” She has her clients get out their measuring cups and learn what portions look like. This helps them recognize appropriate amounts of high-carbohydrate foods so their carbohydrate counting is more accurate. She finds that once her clients make a commitment to become more knowledgeable about portion sizes and control the carbohydrate content of their diet, they really like the better blood glucose control they have.
“Use available resources” Spreckelmeyer urges her clients, “like food labels and applications for smart phones.” She likes the phone apps GoMeals ( gomeals.com ) and CalorieKing ( calorieking.com ) to help clients keep track of what they are eating at the moment they are eating it.
This is especially important for people with diabetes who take insulin. The amount of insulin they take is tied to the amount of carbohydrates they ingest at meals. Accuracy in determining the grams of carbohydrates eaten means better precision in gauging the amount of insulin needed.
“I don’t advocate an extremely low-carbohydrate diet, but I do recommend most people with diabetes aim for about 45 to 50 percent of their calories from carbohydrates,” Spreckelmeyer said. This is toward the lower end of recommended guidelines, and most of the time translates to between 45 and 60 grams of carbohydrates per meal, depending on the individual. Spreckelmeyer also suggests her clients “focus on higher-fiber, less-processed foods.”
Most Americans fall far short of the American Dietetic Association’s recommendation of 20 to 35 grams of fiber per day. Fiber creates fullness in the stomach, making for higher levels of satisfaction with smaller amounts of food. Higher-fiber foods also help slow absorption of glucose into the blood, allowing insulin more time to usher the blood glucose molecules into the body’s cells.
At the Memphis Veterans Medical Center, registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator Jackie Roos teaches classes to patients with diabetes, focusing on carbohydrates and portion sizes. While some of her clients embrace carbohydrate counting, others find it too cumbersome and instead use what Roos calls the “plate method.” Roos uses partitioned plates that dovetail with the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association, which suggests that half the plate contain nonstarchy vegetables, and the other half be divided equally between a portion of protein and a portion of something higher in carbohydrates or “starchy.” “If someone is confused
Roos finds that a lot of her clients have no idea that the sweet beverages they drink really can make their blood glucose levels increase. She recommends they limit their intake of sodas, juices and sweet tea. When she comes across clients who are resistant to giving up their favorite beverages, she asks them to take the “soda challenge.” “I have them give up their sodas and sweet drinks for a week and then check their blood sugar levels,” Roos says. “They become believers when they see how their blood glucose levels drop during that week.”
In addition to counting carbohydrates, health professionals almost always advise anyone who has diabetes and is overweight to lose weight. A recent study done in Great Britain brought this to the forefront. In this study, reported in the latest issue of Diabetologia, 11 obese subjects with diabetes were restricted to 600 calories for eight weeks and lost an average of 30 pounds, or about 15 percent of their body weight. None had abnormal blood glucose readings after the eight-week period, and all were able to go off their diabetes medications.
This was a severe restriction of calories, done under the direction of a medical team, but you don’t have to go on such a drastic diet. Health professionals have long known that even small amounts of weight loss help normalize blood glucose levels and decrease side effects of diabetes. The Look AHEAD trial is another research study that showed lifestyle management, including weight loss, helped to keep blood glucose under better control and improve cardiovascular risk factors. Registered dietitian Maria Sun, assistant professor at Southwest Tennessee Community College, provided nutrition guidance for some of the clients involved in an arm of the study done in Memphis through the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. “When my clients in the study lost about 10 percent of their weight,” Sun said, “there was a big change in their blood sugar levels.” Sun and her colleagues encouraged study participants to engage in regular physical activity as well as moderate their diet.
Okwumabua has been following a similar approach and knows the results are worth it. “It’s a struggle sometimes,” she says, admitting, “I’m not perfect every day.” But the improvements she has seen in her diabetes make the efforts worthwhile.
Megan Murphy is a Tennessee-licensed registered dietitian and associate professor of nutrition at Southwest Tennessee Community College. Call (901) 277-3062, fax (901) 529-2787, e-mail Meganmyrd@aol.com .
Did you know?
Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness among adults 20-74 years old.
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in the United States: 44 percent of new cases of kidney failure (2008 statistics) are caused
60 percent to 70 percent of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage.
People with diabetes account for more than 60 percent of lower limb amputations not caused
Most common types of Diabetes
Type 1: Typically diagnosed at a young age, often in childhood. Classified as an autoimmune disease, where the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed. Insulin, necessary to help blood glucose get into the body’s cells, is no longer produced and must be taken
Type 2: The most common type of diabetes. Risk increases with excess body fat and lack of exercise. People with this type of diabetes are often secreting insulin, but it sometimes is not enough. People with this type of diabetes often have insulin resistance, meaning their body is not sensitive to the insulin they are producing. Weight loss and exercise help their bodies regain insulin sensitivity, which helps get blood glucose levels back to normal.
Gestational diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy. Usually goes away after the ba
Photo Theresa Okwumabua, (right) joins friends, from left, Andrea Watson, Deborah Frazier, and Kristin Walker in a walk along the Vollintine
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There are several types of Vegetarian diets, including strict Vegan diets (no animal products may be consumed) and lacto-ovo diets, in which vegetarians may consume cheese, eggs, and other dairy products. It is essential that vegetarians carefully balance their nutrition through diabetic diet meal plans so that they are able to obtain the proper amount of protein to stay healthy
Vegetarianism and Veganism
According to the Mayo Clinic, Diabetics may benefit greatly from adopting a vegetarian or vegan diet. While vegetarian and vegan diets differ greatly in terms of what sorts of foods can be eaten, the major characteristic of both is that vegetarians and vegans do not eat meat. A vegetarian is generally a person that does not consume meat, but may consume animal products, such as:
•Milk and eggs (lacto-ovo vegetarian). •fish (pesco vegetarian)
A vegan, however, does not consume any animal products at all: any meat, eggs, cheese or milk. Also vegans do not use products made from or with animal products like wool, leather, cosmetics, etc.
Vegan diets tend to be healthy, when they are closely monitored and balanced with foods from every food group but meat and dairy. In fact, a vegan diet or low fat dessert recipes is cholesterol-free and low in saturated fats. Both vegan and vegetarian diets are low in calories and include large amounts of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes. As such, the vegan and vegetarian diet tends to include healthy food for diabetes that is low in fat and sugar.
Naturally, when a person consumes very little sugar and has a predominantly natural diet, he or she can usually lose weight and maintain that weight loss. Because Diabetes is a disease that is made better
Additionally, while the vegan and vegetarian diets cannot cure diabetes, they can reduce the risk of common complications, such as heart and kidney disease. Heart disease is generally called
Before beginning a vegan or diabetic diet plan , be sure to consult with your doctor or dietician. Vegan and vegetarian diets remove the most common sources of important proteins and vitamins. Therefore, it is important to understand what diabetes supplements you will need to take in order to make up for those losses.
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